"Courts in the federal system work differently in many ways than state courts. The primary difference for civil cases (as opposed to criminal cases) is the types of cases that can be heard in the federal system. Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction, meaning they can only hear cases authorized by the United States Constitution or federal statutes. The federal district court is the starting point for any case arising under federal statutes, the Constitution, or treaties. This type of jurisdiction is called “original jurisdiction.” Sometimes, the jurisdiction of state courts will overlap with that of federal courts, meaning that some cases can be brought in both courts. The plaintiff has the initial choice of bringing the case in state or federal court. However, if the plaintiff chooses state court, the defendant may sometimes choose to “remove” to federal court." DOJ Introduction To The Federal Court System
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Black's Law Dictionary
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Bouvier's Law Dictionary
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Stare Decisis
Stare decisis is a common-law concept derived from the Latin maxim Stare decisis et non quieta movere: "to stand by decisions and not disturb the undisturbed." In common law legal systems, the judiciary plays an important role in creating law and interpreting legislative enactments.
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The general law merchant is embraced in general common law, i.e., the original unique system of commercial law in the American states, in which there no regulation of Express Trusts, except in connection with income derived from corporate stock and physical franchises under article I Section 8 clause 1 and 3 of the constitution.
